Douglas Sirk Movies
A box office smash and critical bust during his Hollywood career, director Douglas Sirk's artistic stature began to catch up with his popular success in the decades following his early retirement. Championed by auteurist critics and cineaste directors, Sirk's once-reviled melodramas evolved into an inspired blend of bathos and Brechtian distance, with the over the top histrionics of such films as Written on the Wind (1956) and Imitation of Life (1959) becoming deluxe tearjerking material as well as a mordant commentary on American values. Born Claus Detlev Sierck to Danish parents, Sirk headed to Germany in his teens to study drama and art history. Sirk forged a career as a successful theater director in Germany, staging works by such writers as Bertolt Brecht. After the Nazis came to power, Sirk shifted to film in 1934, directing stylishly assured melodramas, musicals, and star vehicles for UFA diva Zarah Leander. The left-wing director and his Jewish wife, however, left Germany in 1937, heading to the U.S. via several countries. Unknown in Hollywood, the newly renamed Sirk kicked around the studios for several years, finally receiving his first directorial assignment with the propaganda potboiler Hitler's Madmen (1943). Working for United Artists and Columbia throughout the 1940s, Sirk became a reliable journeyman, taking on projects from the Chekhov adaptation Summer Storm (1944) to the Lucille Ball crime drama Lured (1947) and a musical comedy Slightly French (1948). Sirk's taste for Baroque visuals served him well with the films noir Sleep, My Love (1948) and Shockproof (1949) (co-written by Sam Fuller).Signing a contract with Universal in 1950, Sirk tried to make the best of the "impossible stories" assigned him. Along with churning out such comedies and musicals as The Lady Pays Off (1951) and Has Anybody Seen My Gal? (1952), Sirk also dealt with new technology, directing a 3-D Western Taza, Son of Cochise (1954), starring contract player Rock Hudson as Taza, and a CinemaScope adventure yarn Sign of the Pagan (1954). Another 1954 release, however, transformed Sirk into a studio moneymaker and future auteur darling. Remaking the 1935 soaper (from a novel he deemed unreadable), Sirk staged Magnificent Obsession's patently absurd story of reformed playboy Rock Hudson's relationship with blind widow Jane Wyman in gaudy Technicolor, matching the tale's fevered emotionalism. A substantial hit, Magnificent Obsession made Hudson a star and began a successful collaboration between Sirk, Hudson, producer Ross Hunter, and cinematographer Russell Metty.
Although Sirk continued to produce films in other genres, including the glossy adventure story Captain Lightfoot (1955), the war drama Battle Hymn (1956) -- both starring Hudson -- and an adaptation of Erich Maria Remarque's A Time to Love and a Time to Die (1958), his subsequent reputation rested on four late-'50s melodramas. Re-teaming with Hudson, Wyman, Metty, and Hunter, Sirk's All That Heaven Allows (1955) crystallized his ability to lather up the crowd-pleasing romantic soap while caustically critiquing 1950s America. Set in a perfect town lit and styled for maximum artifice, the love story between Wyman's uptight middle class widow and Hudson's younger free spirit gardener becomes a study in contrasts between her imprisoning home and his rural aerie, her stifling friends and children and his relaxed comrades. Perhaps untouched by the visual suggestion that this couple could never really work, audiences loved it.
Described by one scholar as the "consummate" Sirk film, Written on the Wind (1956) featured Hudson, Robert Stack, Lauren Bacall, and Dorothy Malone in a tortured love quadrangle set against the spectacle of a declining oil dynasty. With a plot that included alcoholism, impotence, nymphomania, violent death, an ultra-theatrically lit family estate shot from odd angles, and such remarkable set pieces as Malone's fervid dance with Hudson's picture, Sirk powerfully evoked the corrupt desperation of the wealthy, despite the "happy" ending. A rare contemporary critical hit, Written on the Wind earned Malone the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. Reuniting the trio of Hudson, Malone, and Stack, the even more downbeat The Tarnished Angels (1957) was, as Sirk put it, a thematic "study in failure." Adapted from William Faulkner's Pylon and shot in pristine black and white CinemaScope, the Depression-era story of reckless air show performers once again displayed Sirk's skill for melding story and form, with the monochrome matching the somber mood of hopelessness while the wide screen vistas underlined flying's dangerous allure for the eponymous aerialists.
Sirk's final Hollywood feature was another popular soap opera that also epitomized his cool yet garishly elegant visual style and sharp social conscience. In his version of Imitation of Life (1959), the obsession with surfaces that drives Lana Turner's star actress Lora to succeed at all costs and Susan Kohner's light-skinned black Sarah Jane to "pass" for white is brought to emotional life through florid interiors and a plethora of mirrors, windows, and polished objects. With Sandra Dee as Lora's neglected daughter and Juanita Moore as Lora's loyal servant and Sarah Jane's mother, Sirk created another quartet of contrasts (including Turner's occasionally hilarious star "acting" versus Moore and Kohner's naturalism) that illuminates the cost of American ambition and racism. As Sirk noted of the climactic funeral scene and teary reconciliation of mother and daughter(s), "Everything seems to be OK, but you well know it isn't." Regardless, Imitation of Life became Universal's biggest hit to that point, and Kohner and Moore received Oscar nominations for Supporting Actress.
Though he retired early due to health problems, Sirk lived long enough to see his once disdained melodramas attract ardent fans among film savants; a reconsideration enhanced by the first Sirk retrospectives in the early '70s and the publication of extensive interviews with the director, Sirk on Sirk, in 1972. By the time Sirk died in 1987, critic Andrew Sarris's prediction that "Time, if nothing else, will vindicate Douglas Sirk" had been fulfilled. ~ Lucia Bozzola, Rovi
- 1938
Lil Dagover, appointed Germany's "Actress of the State" in 1937, upholds her lofty title in the romantic melodrama Dreiklang. Dagover is cast as temptress Cornelia Contarini, who brings about the downfall of both an ageing widower named Albert von Moller (Paul Hartmann) and his son Albert (Rolf Moebius). The father's fate is particularly tragic, inasmuch as he is obliged to defend Cornelia's honor after it has been proven beyond doubt that she hardly has any honor left to defend. It is up to Albert to pick up the pieces, sacrificing his own happiness to remove Cornelia permanently from his life. Set during WW1, Dreiklang refresingly bypasses all opportunities to overpraise German militarism, as many films of this era were wont to do. The screenplay was written by Detlef Sierck, who later directed in Hollywood under the name of Douglas Sirk. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Lil Dagover, Paul Hartmann, (more)
- 1943
Hitler's Madman is based on an all-too-real wartime atrocity. John Carradine portrays Heydrich, the vicious SS officer put in charge of Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia. Heydrich is killed by the Czech underground, prompting the Nazis to plan a horrible retaliation. The Gestapo selects the Czech village of Lidice for annihilation: They kill all the male villagers, throw the women and children into concentration camps, and torch Lidice into nonexistence. The victims of Nazi tyranny become martyrs to the underground cause, ending the film on a note of triumph. Based on a narrative poem by Edna St. Vincent Millay, Hitler's Madman was produced by the "poverty row" PRC studio, but was sold to MGM and given a class-A presentation at choice theatres throughout the U.S. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Patricia Morison, John Carradine, (more)
- 1944
Summer Storm is a remarkably effective Hollywood filmization of Anton Chekhov's The Shooting Party. Linda Darnell stars as the young and beautiful wife of a middle-aged Russian civil servant (Hugo Haas). Darnell becomes the object of the affections of her husband's employer, a lecherous count (Edward Everett Horton). The girl in turn is enamored of a provincial judge (George Sanders). At first, all flirtations are playful and harmless, but the judge takes Darnell so seriously that he ends up killing her in a jealous rage. Her husband is blamed for the crime, but the Count gets his comeuppance during the 1917 Bolshevik revolution (which didn't figure into the original Chekhov story, inasmuch as the author died in 1904). The big surprise in this is not that it works as well as it does, but that it features comic actor Edward Everett Horton in a straight, almost unsympathetic role, which he underplays beautifully. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- George Sanders, Linda Darnell, (more)
A Scandal in Paris is a liberal adaptation of the life story of Eugène François Vidocq, who was French prefect of police during the Napoleonic era. George Sanders stars as Vidocq, who spends most of the film as an aimless rogue willing to lie, cheat, and steal for his own comfort. The women who affect Vidocq's life include a saucy cabaret entertainer (Carole Landis) for whom Vidocq steals, and a good woman (Signe Hasso) for whom he straightens himself out. Fledgling director Douglas Sirk displayed his love of the Baroque (both in decor and characterizations) that would distinguish his later high-budget Universal soap operas. Most prints of A Scandal in Paris bear the film's alternate title, Thieves' Holiday. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- George Sanders, Signe Hasso, (more)
Lucille Ball is an American taxi-dancer living in London whose roommate has disappeared. The missing girl had left to answer a job offer in the "personal" column of the Times...just like several other women who've vanished without a trace. Scotland Yard detective George Zucco suggests that Ball answer the personals herself in hopes trapping the killer. She crosses the paths of several eccentrics, including deranged artist Boris Karloff, who for a brief time is the prime suspect. The actual culprit, a sex murderer, is the least likely and most helpful of Ball's contacts -- a fact that she learns almost too late. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- George Sanders, Lucille Ball, (more)
- 1948
This noir mystery thriller was produced by Mary Pickford and her husband Buddy Rogers, and directed by Douglas Sirk. Claudette Colbert stars as Alison Courtland, a wealthy New York socialite who awakens on a Boston-bound train with no memory of how she got there. A kindly older woman, Mrs. Tomlinson (Queenie Smith) helps Alison call her husband Richard (Don Ameche), who informs her that she disappeared after threatening his life. While traveling back to New York, Alison meets Bruce Elcott (Robert Cummings), who is immediately smitten with her. Upon her return, Richard urges Alison to consult a psychiatrist, Charles Vernay (George Coulouris), but the man's bizarre, abusive manner nearly drives Alison mad. Alison's condition, Vernay, and even the helpful Mrs. Tomlinson are all part of an elaborate scheme on the part of Richard and his mistress, Daphne (Hazel Brooks) to get drive Alison to suicide and collect her fortune. A concerned Bruce visits Vernay, who is really a photographer, and begins piecing the scheme together. ~ Karl Williams, Rovi
- Starring:
- Claudette Colbert, Robert Cummings, (more)
- 1949
Director Douglas Sirk's love of cinematic esoterica was kept in check in the musical comedy Slightly French. Dorothy Lamour stars as Mary O'Leary, a carnival entertainer who's discovered by enterprising director John Gayle (Don Ameche). The plot dictates that Gayle must pass off Mary as an elegant Parisian actress/singer. This slender plotline enables the film to toss off a number of satirical quips about show biz, and to display Lamour in a variety of exotic costumes. The best musical numbers occur during an extended film-within-a-film sequence. Slightly French is buoyed by its expert supporting cast, including Janis Carter, Willard Parker and Adele Jergens. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Dorothy Lamour, Don Ameche, (more)
- 1949
Beauty contest winner Patricia Knight's one bid for screen stardom was Columbia's Shockproof. Knight plays Jenny Wright, a convicted murderess paroled in the care of probation officer Griff Marat (Cornel Wilde). What begins as an aloof professional relationship eventually blossoms into romance. The fly in the ointment is shady Harry Wesson (John Baragrey), the gambler who inveigled Jenny into committing murder. The girl is torn between creature comforts offered her by Wesson and the promise of a clean life offered by Griff. This early Douglas Sirk effort contains a smattering of the stylistic touches which distinguished his later work.The screenplay was written by famed director Samuel Fuller, known for his gritty realism and hard-boiled style. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Cornel Wilde, Patricia Knight, (more)
- 1950
The trendy elegance of director Douglas Sirk's later big-budget soap operas is nowhere to be found in Sirk's Atomic-Age melodrama Mystery Submarine. MacDonald Carey stars as Brett Young, a U.S. undercover agent whose job it is to prevent atomic secrets from falling into the wrong hands. Marta Toren co-stars as Madeline Brenner, a woman of mystery who is seemingly in cahoots with enemy agents. The film's "maguffin" consists of the top-secret info stored within the brain cells of scientist Adolph Guernitz (Ludwig Donath). The titular mystery submarine figures into the film's climax, which takes place just off the coast of Mexico. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- MacDonald Carey, Märta Torén, (more)
- 1951
Charlotte Hastings' West End stage hit Bonaventure was adroitly translated to the American screen as Thunder on the Hill. The bulk of the action takes place at convent, presided over by Sister Mary (Claudette Colbert). Circumstances -- namely, a dangerous rainstorm and raging flood -- dictate that the convent become a stopover for Valerie Carns (Ann Blyth), a convicted murderess who is being escorted to Death Row by a brace of guards. Slowly becoming convinced that Valerie is innocent, Sister Mary sets about to clear the girl and bring the genuine killer to justice. It goes without saying that said killer is also a reluctant guest of the convent. A superb shadow-laden climax in the convent's belltower caps this heart-pounding mystery meller. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Claudette Colbert, Ann Blyth, (more)
- 1951
The Lady Pays Off is a formative example of filmmaker Douglas Sirk's elegant exotica. Linda Darnell plays the title character, a vacationing schoolteacher and one-time gambler named Evelyn Warren. Unfortunately, that "one time" leaves Evelyn indebted to casino owner Matt Braddock (Stephen McNally) to the tune of seven G's. Braddock offers to absolve Evelyn of her debts if she will agree to tutor his troublesome preteen daughter Diana (Gigi Perreau). Chafing at being forced into servitude, Evelyn schemes to make Braddock fall in love with her, then dump him. But Diana takes a liking to Evelyn and cooks up a little scheme on her own to bring the teacher and her father together. It's a simple, unassuming comedy, given a veneer of class and polish by the inimitable Mr. Sirk. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Linda Darnell, Stephen McNally, (more)
- 1951
Since its lapse into public domain in 1978, First Legion has joined Love Affair and Algiers as the most readily available of Charles Boyer's films. Boyer plays Fr. Marc Arnoux, the head of St. Gregory's seminary, who can never quite shake the feeling that he shouldn't have given up his career as an attorney. His fellow Jesuit priests likewise occasionally question their calling, especially crotchety Msgr. Michael Carey (William Demarest). One by one, however, the priests are won over by various "miracles" visited upon them. Barbara Rush co-stars as a crippled girl who indirectly benefits from the priests' renewed faith. The First Legion was produced and directed with surprising restraint by Douglas Sirk. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Charles Boyer, William Demarest, (more)
- 1951
This seminal Brady Bunch stars Van Heflin as a widower and Patricia Neal as a widow. Both parties have several children by their first marriages. Heflin and Neal fall in love and decide to marry, each hoping to adopt the other's kids. The couple idealistically subscribes to the "one big happy family" theory, but they hadn't figured that their kids would dislike the idea...and each other. This mild situation comedy was directed with lots of efficiency but little style by Douglas Sirk, who did better for himself with Universal's big-budget romantic melodramas of the mid-1950s. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Van Heflin, Patricia Neal, (more)
- 1952
Despite its ebullient title and the presence of lightweight dancing star Dan Dailey, Meet Me at the Fair has a lot more meat on its bones than most musicals of the early 1950s. Dailey plays an early-1900s medicine show huckster who finds himself the reluctant guardian of orphanage escapee Chet Allen. As he grows fond of the boy, Dailey becomes determined to thwart the corrupt system that allows substandard orphan asylums to operate while political hacks get rich on government funding. Dailey wins the confidence (and love) of orphan committee member Diana Lynn, who helps to foil the machinations of crooked district attorney Hugh O'Brien. The darker aspects of Meet Me at the Fair are lightened by director Douglas Sirk's marvelous recreations of backstage life at the turn of the century. The film is also a special treat for fans of Scatman Crothers, who is never less than terrific as Dan Dailey's sidekick. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Dan Dailey, Diana Lynn, (more)
- 1952
Douglas Sirk directed this frothy musical comedy set in the 1920s starring Charles Coburn as Samuel Fulton, an elderly man with a multi-million dollar fortune. With no family of his own to whom he can leave his money, Fulton is pondering what to do with his estate. Years ago, he was in love with a woman named Harriet, whom he asked to marry. She turned him down and married another someone else, but he's still fond of her and considers leaving his millions to her family. However, Fulton decides to first give them a test. Posing as an eccentric and threadbare artist, he rents a room from Harriet (Lynn Bari) and her husband Charles (Larry Gates). He then arranges for an anonymous gift of $100,000 to be presented to them so that he can watch their reactions. Sadly, things don't go well; Harriet browbeats the rest of the family into moving into a mansion and tries to convince her daughter Millicent (Piper Laurie) to break up with her boyfriend, poor but good-hearted soda jerk Dan (Rock Hudson), in favor of a wealthier and more socially prominent man. Songs include "Tiger Rag," "When the Red, Red Robin Comes Bob-Bob-Bobbin' Along," "It Ain't Gonna Rain No More," and "Gimme a Little Kiss, Will Ya, Huh?" James Dean has a tiny part as a customer at the soda fountain; it was his first appearance onscreen. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
- Starring:
- Piper Laurie, Rock Hudson, (more)
- 1952
Pity poor ex-GI Alvah Morrell (Tony Curtis). While on his honeymoon with perky Lee Kingshead (Piper Laurie), he comes down with a bad case of chicken pox. The moment he recovers, he's shipped overseas. And when Alvah returns home, he finds his house festooned with his wife's troublesome relatives -- and, per the film's title, there's no room for him. Complicating matters is Lee's supercilious mother (Spring Byington), who does her best to break up the marriage so that her daughter will be free to marry wealthy-but-dull Herman Strouple (Don DeFore). No Room for the Groom plays like an elongated 2-reel comedy, but the stars are attractive and Douglas Sirk's direction is subtle and inventive. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Tony Curtis, Piper Laurie, (more)
- 1953
An outdoor adventure musical comedy, Take Me to Town features Ann Sheridan as Vermilion O'Toole, a barroom singer with a shady past who has taken refuge in a small timber town in the Pacific Northwest. She's on the run from a federal agent, Ed Daggett (Larry Gates). Just out of town lives Will Hall (Sterling Hayden), a logger and preacher who is widowed and raising three children. The children meet O'Toole and try to hook her up with their father -- because they want a mother to care for them. This arouses the jealousies of Mrs. Stoffer (Phyllis Stanley), a widow who was hoping to snare Hall herself. Hall comes to prefer O'Toole, but she must overcome the resentment of the local townspeople, who think she's a floozy. ~ Michael Betzold, Rovi
- Starring:
- Ann Sheridan, Sterling Hayden, (more)
- 1953
All I Desire an early exercise in Douglas Sirk Baroque, is set at the turn of the century. Long divorced from her husband Richard Carlson, itinerant actress Barbara Stanwyck returns to her home town to watch her daughter perform in a high school play. Stanwyck decides to turn over a new leaf and devote herself to the daughter she's never known. This she finds next to impossible, thanks to ugly small-town gossip attending her return. The film was obviously building up to an unhappy ending, but producer Ross Hunter intervened, tacking on an unbelievably upbeat denouement. This artistic outrage evidently didn't hurt Hunter's relationship with director Douglas Sirk, inasmuch as the two would continue to successfully collaborate in the future. All I Desire is based on a novel by Carol Brink. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Barbara Stanwyck, Richard Carlson, (more)
- 1954
In this unusual Western directed by Douglas Sirk, Rock Hudson stars as Taza, whose legendary father Cochise (Jeff Chandler) is on his deathbed. Taza promises his father that he will keep the tribe -- which Cochise united and ruled -- at peace. But Taza's brother wants the tribe to join with another bloodthirsty tribe, headed by Geronimo (Ian MacDonald), which is tangling with white settlers and other Indian tribes. Taza must battle his brother and try to keep his promise to his father. This film was originally shown in 3-D, and many of the battle scenes feature shots of warriors rushing headlong toward the screen. ~ Michael Betzold, Rovi
- Starring:
- Rock Hudson, Barbara Rush, (more)
- 1954
This second film version of Lloyd C. Douglas' spiritual novel Magnificent Obsession is in its own way as successful as the first (filmed in 1935) in glossing over the plot holes and logic gaps in the original novel. Rock Hudson plays Bob Merrick, a reckless playboy who is indirectly responsible for the death of a kindly and much-beloved doctor. The dead man's wife, Helen Phillips (Jane Wyman), refuses to accept Bob's apologies. When Helen is accidentally blinded, Bob decides to "do right" by her anonymously, illustrating author Douglas's curious edict that the best sort of good deed is the one for which you're not rewarded. In record time, Bob becomes a brilliant physician, and it is he who performs the sight-restoring surgery on Helen. Rather than fade into the woodwork unheralded, Bob is at last forgiven by Helen, who has fallen in love with him during her sightless months without even knowing it. Luxuriously produced by Ross Hunter and directed con brio by Douglas Sirk, Magnificent Obsession was one of the most successful of Universal's big-budget "weepers" of the 1950s. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Jane Wyman, Rock Hudson, (more)
- 1954
Jeff Chandler may be the top-billed star of Sign of the Pagan, but the film belongs to Jack Palance, cast as no less than Attila the Hun. As Attila's hordes advance upon Rome, noble centurion Marcian (Chandler) mounts a counteroffensive. Alas, the Scourge of God cannot be stopped by weaponry or sheer brute strength. No, Attila can be halted in his tracks only by the hand of God Himself. Through a deft combination of historical fact and movie magic, this is precisely what happens. Ballerina Ludmilla Tcherina, her voice dubbed by an anonymous American actress, co-stars as Marcian's lady love, while Rita Gam is sublimely cast as Attila's long-suffering daughter. Also appearing as Attila's slave bride is Allison Hayes, some three years away from her starring turn in Attack of the 50 Foot Woman. Filmed on a more spectacular scale than one usually associates with Universal-International, Sign of the Pagan loses some of its scope when shown on television. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Jeff Chandler, Jack Palance, (more)
One of director Douglas Sirk's best and most successful romantic soapers of the 1950s, All That Heaven Allows is predicated on a May-December romance. The difference here is that the woman, attractive widow Cary Scott (Jane Wyman), is considerably older than the man, handsome gardener-landscaper Ron Kirby (Rock Hudson). Sirk builds up sympathy for Cary by showing how empty her life has been since her husband's death, even suggesting that the marriage itself was no picnic. Throwing conventionial behavior to the winds and facing social ostracism, Cary pursues her romance with Ron, who is unjustly perceived as a fortune-hunter by Cary's friends and family--especially her priggish son Ned (William Reynolds). Amusingly, Conrad Nagel was to have had a much larger part as Harvey, an elderly widower who carries a torch for Cary, but his role was trimmed down during previews when audiences disapproved of an implicit romance between a sixtyish man and a fortysomething woman! All That Heaven Allows was remade by unabashed Douglas Sirk admirer Rainer Werner Fassbinder as Ali--Fear Eats the Soul (1974), in which the age gap between hero and heroine was even wider. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
- Starring:
- Jane Wyman, Rock Hudson, (more)
- 1955
Rock Hudson stars as Michael Martin, a naive and impetuous young would-be rebel in 1815 Ireland, who turns to robbery in his desire to support the cause against England. Now wanted by the British and forced into hiding, he crosses paths with the renowned rebel leader Captain Thunderbolt aka John Doherty (Jeff Morrow), who takes him under his wing. Impressed with Michael's bravery, Thunderbolt makes him his second-in-command, a job that becomes twice as difficult when Thunderbolt is wounded and must drop out of sight. Michael must replace him, not only as a rebel leader, but also in running the business that Doherty fronts as a cover, and in his household -- and that puts Michaal on a collision course with Doherty's equally impetuous, headstrong daughter Aga (Barbara Rush). Sparks fly between them, as the English draw ever closer in their pursuit of the rebels. ~ Bruce Eder, Rovi
- Starring:
- Rock Hudson, Barbara Rush, (more)
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